经阴道超声联合宫腔镜检查在子宫瘢痕憩室诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨经阴道超声检查联合宫腔镜检查在剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2016年12月在上海国际和平妇幼保健院住院治疗的50例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室患者的经阴道超声声像图、宫腔镜检查及磁共振检查结果。结果:经阴道超声联合宫腔镜检查诊断剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室的准确率为100%(50/50),经阴道超声检查为76%(38/50)的比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经阴道超声联合宫腔镜检查技术能提高剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕憩室的诊断率。     

宫腹腔镜联合手术治疗剖宫产子宫切口瘢痕缺陷

目的探讨剖宫产子宫切口瘢痕缺陷应用宫腹腔镜联合手术治疗的安全性及可行性。方法选择经阴道彩超及宫腔镜诊断的剖宫产切口瘢痕缺陷患者8例,在全麻下进行宫腹腔镜联合手术,放置举宫杯后分离子宫膀胱腹膜返折,宫腔镜定位后切除子宫切口瘢痕缺陷部位组织,缝合子宫肌层,再用宫腔镜进行评估。结果 8例患者手术顺利,平均手术时间为(86.24±25.36)min,平均术中出血量(93.25±28.24)ml,术后经期由原来的(13.00±3.65)d缩短至(5.85±1.54)d(P0.05)。1例合并不孕症患者术后妊娠。结论宫腹腔镜联合手术治疗剖宫产子宫切口瘢痕缺陷是一种安全、可行的方法。     

护理干预对剖宫产术后高危人群深静脉血栓预防效果观察

目的观察护理干预对剖宫产术后可能发生深静脉血栓的高危人群的预防效果。方法2002年12月～2007年6月，对本院收治的行子宫下段剖官产术的足月高危孕妇143例．随机分为对照组73例与实验组70例．对照组采用传统的产科围手术期护理常规，实验组在常规产科围手术期护理基础上，对孕妇进行评估，并实施针对性的预防对策；观察两组产后1周肺栓塞、下肢深静脉血栓、双侧下肢肿胀及疼痛的发生情况。结果实验组肺栓塞、下肢深静脉血栓及下肢肿胀及疼痛发生率较对照组低，两组比较，均P〈0．05，差异有统计学意义。结论术前对行剖宫产术的孕妇进行评估，对可能发生深静脉血栓的高危人群进行相关知识教育；术后及早实施功能锻炼，可有效预防产妇深静脉血栓的形成。     

Ten Versus Five Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes as Threshold in Frozen Section Tests for Periprosthetic Infection: A Meta-Analysis

We objectively appraised available evidence regarding the threshold for the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes required in frozen section tests used to diagnose periprosthetic infection. Pooled summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio (OR) were compared for ten and five polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high power field as the threshold. The total cohort included 1011 patients and the rate of infection was 19.2%. Although there was no difference in sensitivity or diagnostic OR, specificity was significantly higher for ten than for five polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high power field (p = 0.007) In sum, a threshold of 10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes is better for diagnosing periprosthetic infections.     

羟考酮联合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉镇痛的随机对照研究

目的:探讨羟考酮联合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉镇痛的临床疗效。方法:选择60例行择期剖宫产术的单胎初产妇,按随机数字表法分为羟考酮联合舒芬太尼组(OS组)和舒芬太尼组(SF组)。所有患者均采用腰硬联合阻滞,术后采用患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。镇痛泵配方:OS组为羟考酮50 mg+舒芬太尼50μg+雷莫司琼0.3 mg,SF组为舒芬太尼100μg+雷莫司琼0.3mg。药液均用0.9%氯化钠溶液配至100mL,持续剂量1mL/h,冲击剂量2mL,锁定时间为10min。于术后6h、12h和24h记录随访活动时切口疼痛评分(NRS-M)、静息时切口疼痛评分(NRS-R)、宫缩痛评分(NRS-U)、镇痛泵药物消耗量、患者满意度评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果:OS组患者在各时点的NRS-M、NRS-R、NRS-U均低于SF组,按压次数及镇痛药的消耗量也低于SF组(P0.05)。SF组术后恶心发生率高于OS组(P0.05),呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制、眩晕发生率两组差异无统计学意义。结论:剖宫产术后采用羟考酮联合舒芬太尼行PCIA效果优于单独使用舒芬太尼,且不增加不良反应。     

剖宫产手术前后血清钾、醛固酮、皮质醇浓度的研究

目的　了解剖宫产手术患者围手术期血钾代谢的规律和特点。方法　选剖宫产患者 10 0例 ,分为补钾与未补钾组各 5 0例 ,妇科手术患者 5 0例 ,测定其术前、术毕和术后 2 4 h血清钾、血浆皮质醇和醛固酮浓度。结果　血钾 :剖宫产组与妇科组术后均低于术前 (P<0 .0 5 )。皮质醇 :剖宫产组术前明显高于妇科组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,术毕两组均较术前升高 ,但术后 2 4 h剖宫产组继续升高 ,而妇科组则有所下降。醛固酮 :剖宫产组术前明显高于妇科组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但术后逐渐下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,剖宫产补钾组术后肠鸣音恢复时间和肛门排气时间明显短于未补钾组。结论　剖宫产围手术期血钾浓度有明显下降趋势。     

Risk factors for blood transfusion in Cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe current study has been conducted to identify the risk factors associated with blood transfusion in women undergoing cesarean section (C-section). A detailed account of the risk factors associated withblood transfusion will ultimately prevent unnecessary crossmatching in hospitals , leading to the conservation of declining blood supplies and resources without subjugating the quality of care.Material and methodsWe performed a rigorous literature search using electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase, for studies evaluating the risk factors for blood transfusion in C-section published until March 31, 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was deployed to assess the methodologic quality of the included studies. Mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Review Manager version 5.3.ResultsThe search yielded 1563 records, 22 of which were eligible for inclusion, representing 426,094 women (10,959 in the transfused group and 415,135 in the non-transfused group). Participants in the transfused group had lower mean preoperative hematocrit (MD = ?3.71 [?4.46, ?2.96]; p < 0.00001; I² = 88%). Placenta previa (OR = 9.54 [7.23, 12.59]; p < 0.00001; I² = 88%), placental abruption (OR = 6.77 [5.25, 8.73]; p < 0.00001; I² = 72%), emergency C-section (OR = 1.92 [1.42, 2.60]; p < 0.0001; I² = 75%), general anesthesia (OR = 8.43 [7.90, 9.00]; p < 0.00001; I² = 72%), multiple gestations (OR = 1.60 [1.24, 2.06]; p = 0.0003; I² = 85%), preterm labor (OR = 3.34 [2.75, 4.06]; p < 0.00001; I² = 85%), prolonged labor (OR = 1.68 [1.44, 1.96]; p < 0.00001; I² = 78%), unbooked cases (OR = 2.42 [1.22, 4.80]; p = 0.01; I² = 80%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR = 1.81 [1.72, 1.90]; p < 0.00001; I² = 71%), and fibroids (OR = 2.32 [1.55, 3.47]; p < 0.0001; I² = 72%) were significantly higher in the transfused group compared to the non-transfused group. Chronic hypertension (OR = 0.67 [0.29, 1.55]; p = 0.36; I² = 90%), maternal age (MD = 0.09 [?0.27, 0.45]; p = 0.62; I² = 50%), maternal body mass index (MD = ?0.14 [?0.81, 0.53]; p = 0.67, I² = 86%), diabetes (OR = 0.93 [0.75, 1.15]; p = 0.51; I² = 52%), and malpresentation (OR = 0.65 [0.38, 1.11]; p = 0.13; I² = 64%) were not significantly associated with an increased risk of blood transfusion in C-section in the two groups.ConclusionPlacenta previa, placental abruption, emergency C-section, booking status, multiple gestations, and preoperative hematocrit were the risk factors most significantly associated with blood transfusion, while a prior C-section did not increase the risk of transfusion.     

氨甲蝶呤与氟尿嘧啶在介入治疗剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠中的疗效对比

目的比较剖宫产后切口妊娠介入治疗中氨甲蝶呤(MTX)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的疗效。方法将2007年至2010年收治的92例剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠患者随机分成两组,MTX组46例,给予MTX 60～200 mg子宫动脉内灌注和灌注后栓塞;5-FU组46例,给予5-FU 1 000～1 250 mg子宫动脉内灌注和灌注后栓塞,比较两种药物对剖宫产后切口妊娠的疗效。介入术后第1、2、3天连续复查患者血β人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)和孕酮,并随访3个月。结果 MTX组痊愈率97.2%,5-FU组痊愈率100%,两组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在MTX组和5-FU组,分别有40例和38例第1～3天血β-hCG和孕酮水平迅速下降,下降幅度为50%～80%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均于手术当日出现腹痛,MTX组和5-FU组分别有3例和2例术后出现轻度恶心、呕吐,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访中,两组月经恢复时间、激素水平无显著差别。结论两种药物在剖宫产后切口妊娠介入治疗中的疗效相似。     

手转胎头纠正枕位异常43例效果观察

目的观察手转胎头纠正枕位异常的效果,探讨施术时机、手法、注意事项。方法2004年1月至2005年12月在我院住院分娩,枕位异常者43例,采用手转胎头方法纠正。并设50例为对照组比较。结果手转胎头组43例成功37例,失败6例,成功率86%。两组结果提示,手转胎头组顺产率明显提高,剖宫产率明显下降,并发症无增加。结论徒手旋转持续性枕后位和枕横位可有效纠正异常胎位,变难产为顺产,降低剖宫产率。